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ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื”ืœื•ื— ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืœื ื” ืจื•ื’ืœ

ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ 2/2/12018 โ€“ ืžืจื›ื– ืžื’ื“ืœื•ืจ


โ€ข ืžื•ืฆื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจืš ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ืžื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ ืชืื™ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืคื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืชื ืื—ื“ ืืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืข"ื— ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื, ื™ื•ื ืง ืขืœ. โ€ข ืชื ืื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื, ืฉื“ื•ืช ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื (ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”) ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืคืจื˜ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืžืขืฆื ืฉืื™ืคื”/ื ืฉื™ืคื”. โ€ข ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™, ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื˜ื•ื/ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื”/ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช. โ€ข ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื "ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื ืฉืžืชื™ ื”ืฉื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืคืŸ ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืขื ืชื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœืคืขื™ืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื, ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืกืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช 'ืขื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ื“ืชื™' ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื•ืช. โ€ข ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื โ€“ ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื‘ืข"ื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืžื˜- ื™ื•ื ืง ืขืœ, ื•ื—ืœืงื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช ืจื‘ ืจื•ื‘ื“ื™ืช, ืชื“ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืจื ื™ื ืžืื™ื™ืŸ ืชื“ืจ ืื—ื“ื•ืชื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื, ืื•ืชื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก 'ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช' (ืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื) โ€ข ืœืคื ื™ ื› 6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื” (ื”ืขืจื›ื”) ื”ื—ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ืœืฉื ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื• ื”ืชืงื‘ืฆื• ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ ืจื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืฆืืŸ ื‘ 7 ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ืขืž' ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืจืข ืืœื•ื”ื™ (ืชื“ืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืจื’ืฉื”/ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”) ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืžื˜ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืชื“ืจื™ ื”ื“ื "ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืืช ืจืกื™ืกื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืกืข "ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช" . ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ/ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื ืฉืžืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ/ืžืจื—ื‘. โ€ข ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ื“ื”ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื“ื™ื›ื•ื˜ื•ืžื™. ืื—ื“ื•ืช (ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืช) ืžื—ื“ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื-ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช (-), (+) โ€ข ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืžืฉ 'ืื ื™' ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื•ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืจืกื™ืกื™ื ื ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืชื™ืช (ื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืจื•ืฉืชื™ื) ืœืฉืงืฃ "ืืœ ื—ื•ืฅ" ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืฆืœืžื”. โ€ข ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื˜ืจืช ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช "ืžืฉืงื™ืคื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื". โ€ข ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืงื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืชื“ืจื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื ืฃ, ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ื, ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื, ื™ื•ื ืงื™- ืขืœ, ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ืžื™ื, ืื“ืžื”,. ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื›'ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื' ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ "ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ" ืจื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ ืื•ืจ ืขืœ/ืืœ ืื•ืจ. โ€ข ื›ืœ ืชื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœืžืฆื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ื›ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื›ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ 'ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืจืฆื•ื™' ืžืชื—ืชื™ื• ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ืชื ื•ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืœื ืžืฉืชืงืคืช ืจื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื”ืื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื ืกืชืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชืžืฆืง, ืืš ืžืงืจื™ืŸ ืืช ืชื“ืจื™ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช 'ื—ื•ืžืจ ืืคืœ' (ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืืคืœ) ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื” (ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ืืคื™ืœื”) โ€ข ื”ืžื•ื— ื ื•ืฉื ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืžืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืชื“ืจ ืฉืœ 'ื–ืจื™ืžื”' 'ืžืขื•ืฃ' 'ื˜ื•ืจืฃ' 'ื ื—ืฉ' ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืฆืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื”ื’ื•ืช, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื ืชื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื ื™/ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืฉืงืฃ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžื”ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืžืžืฉ ื ืง. ืžื‘ื˜ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ืžื” ื›"ื ื™ืขืฉื” ืขื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื–ื”? โ€ข ืชืื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ืœืคื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”, ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ื“ืชื™, ืžืขื“ืฉ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื, ื”ืชืžืฆืงื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉืงืฃ ืื•ืชื•ืช/ืชืžืกื•ืจืช. (ื‘ืขื™ืŸ: ืจืฉืชื™ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”'ืื ื™' ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™)

โ€ข ื›ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืคื™ืง ืชื“ืจ ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™, ืœื›ืœ ืชื“ืจ ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื™ืขื•ื“ื•: ื’ื–ืจ ืคื•ืขื ืขืœ ืชื“ืจ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžืฆืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื“ื” ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™/ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืชื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื. ืœืขื•ืœื ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื‘ื ื” ืงื•ืœื˜ (ืจืฆืคื˜ื•ืจ/ืžืฆืข) (+) ื•ืชื ื•ืขื” donor ืชื•ืจืžืช (-). ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ื›"ื ืงื•ืœื˜ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช 'ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืžื“ื™', 'ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ืช ืžื“ื™', ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืจื•ื— ื”ื™ืคืจ/ื”ื™ืคื• ื›"ื ื™ืคืขื™ื ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช ืžืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืืœืžื ื˜: ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื•ืžื”, ืื• ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ืฉ, ื”ืชืคื•ื— ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ ืื• ื”ืจืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื“ืงื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืืจื›ืื™ืช. ื›ืฉื”ืื“ื ื—ื™ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื“ (ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืชื• ืคืจื™/ื™ืจืง) ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืชื“ืจื™ื "ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื" ืžืื•ืชื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ืื—ืจ ื™ืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ืชื“ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืจ. ืขืœ ืื“ื ืœื“ืขืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื•. ืื™ืœื ื” ืจื•ื’ืœ

ยฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื™ืœื ื” ืจื•ื’ืœ 2018




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